Application of Artificial Intelligence in Modern Healthcare System

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential of detecting significant interactions in a dataset and also it is widely used in several clinical conditions to expect the results, treat, and diagnose. Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used or trialed for a variety of healthcare and research purposes, including detection of disease, management of chronic conditions, delivery of health services, and drug discovery. In this chapter, we will discuss the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern healthcare system and the challenges of this system in detail. Different types of artificial intelligence devices are described in this chapter with the help of working mechanism discussion. Alginate, a naturally available polymer found in the cell wall of the brown algae, is used in tissue engineering because of its biocompatibility, low cost, and easy gelation. It is composed of α-L-guluronic and β-D-manuronic acid. To improve the cell-material interaction and erratic degradation, alginate is blended with other polymers. Here, we discuss the relationship of artificial intelligence with alginate in tissue engineering fields

Importance of Alginate Bioink for 3D Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Among many bioinks used for extrusion 3D bioprinting, the most commonly used bioink is the polysaccharide alginate because of its various cellular-friendly property like gelation. Erratic degradation and cell-binding motifs are not present in alginate which are the limitations of alginate bioinks, which can be improved by blending various low concentrations of natural or artificial polymers. Here in this chapter, we will discuss the various important properties of the alginate which make it as the bioink for almost all bioprinting scaffold designs as well as how improve the cellular properties like its cell-material interaction by blending it with other polymer solutions

A Review on Electro-Rheological Fluid (ER) and Its Various Technological Applications

The technology of electro-rheological fluids is old, but now it is being used in market at high speed. In the near future, ER fluids may be used for structure design where accuracy, density and power density are primarily the main criteria. For minimizing the costs and maximizing the functionality of the products, like where the viscosity of the fluid is varied to design, solid structure ER fluids are used. Features like fast response and easy interface between electrical and mechanical input–output makes the ER fluid attractive to various technology fields. In this study, ER fluids’ working principle, various low-cost ER fluids working procedures and ER fluid applications in multiple areas are explained

Pediatric Granular Cell Tumor of the Breast: An uncommon neoplasm in an uncommon site and age group

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm of Schwann cell origin. Most cases occur in adults; however, the precise incidence is unknown in children. GCT is usually a slow-growing, painless tumor involving the skin and soft tissues that is mostly located in the head and neck region, especially the tongue. The breast is one of the least common sites involved by GCT. This paper presents a 3-year-old girl who presented with a soft to firm, ill-defined swelling on the right breast with painful ulceration of the overlying skin. Fine needle aspiration rendered an initial diagnosis of fibrocystic change accompanied by apocrine metaplasia. Histologic evaluation of the excised breast mass revealed a benign granular cell tumor. Although rare, GCT of the breast should be included in the differential diagnosis for breast masses in pediatric patients. Proper diagnosis and timely management of this tumor are essential because of its malignant potential (<2% of cases) and high rate of local recurrence if not properly excised

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the parotid gland: a rare sub-variant of salivary gland adenocarcinoma

Papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the salivary gland is a very rare malignant neoplasm accounting for only 2% of all salivary gland lesions. In 1991 it was first included as a separate entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of salivary gland tumors and in 2017 WHO Classification, the tumor was clubbed as a sub-variant of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. It most commonly occurs in the major salivary glands. Herein we report a case of salivary papillary cystadenocarcinoma in a 54-year-old female, who presented with rapid enlargement of the right parotid swelling. Based on radiology and fine-needle aspiration cytology, a working diagnosis of the malignant tumor involving the superficial lobe of the right parotid gland was made. In view of the malignant nature of the swelling, superficial parotidectomy was done. The histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the right parotid. With the revised 2017 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors, it is important to report all rare subtypes in order to understand their biology and behavior

Clinicopathological, Immunological, and Laboratory Parameters of Childhood Lupus Nephritis: A Study from Northeast India

Background Lupus nephrtis in children is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ranges from 3.3 to 8.8/100000 children with a higher Asian preponderance. The predominance of SLE in female pediatric patients increases gradually with age to the values observed in adults